Pentatonics over Jazz Chords

published 5 Aug 2008 at 3:06pm in Theory

I've been working on the changes to "All the Things You Are." The key of the tune modulates through Ab, C, Eb, G, E. I practice by cycling through the major scale for each key, and this helps with accessing arbitrary scales all over the fretboard.

Within each key is a diatonic collection of chords moving up by fourths. A vi-ii-V7-I-IV progression occurs twice in Ab, once in Eb. I wondered how I could adapt the tonic major scale of the key to navigate through these changes. My usual approach has been to use the arpeggio of each chord as an anchor for my improvisation. That has always been a challenge to remember so many different shapes as they go by often quite quickly. So I worked out a system of pentatonic scales over each chord. Minor pentatonic (1 b3 4 5 b7) is used over m7 chords. Major pentatonic starting on the 5 (5 6 7 2 3) is used over maj7 chords. Dominant pentatonic (1 2 3 5 b7) is used over 7 chords.

Here's how it works out in Ab:
vi - Fm7 - F minor pentatonic - F Ab Bb C Eb
ii - Bbm7 - Bb minor pentatonic - Bb Db Eb F Ab
V7 - Eb7 - Eb dominant pentatonic - Eb F G Bb Db
I - Abmaj7 - Eb major pentatonic - Eb F G Bb C
IV - Dbmaj7 - Ab major pentatonic - Ab Bb C Eb F

Note that only one note changes between each scale, and Eb and F are common to all of them. Rearranged to illustrate:
vi - Eb F Ab Bb C
ii - Eb F Ab Bb Db
V7 - Eb F G Bb Db
I - Eb F G Bb C
IV - Eb F Ab Bb C

Now that's far easier to remember than the arpeggio for each chord. I'm getting that cycle of pentatonics under my fingers for each major scale position. When I switch keys in a tune like "All the Things," I only have to find the tonic major scale and visualize the changing pentatonics over it as a guide through the changes.

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What's Next for the Woodshed?

published 31 Jul 2008 at 10:29pm in Goals

I've relocated my woodshed to San Diego. My immediate plan is to find work for a while and consider cheaper options for music school (starting with CSUN and SDSU). Unfortunately, this means less practice time, but I'm also going to start playing out again. It will be nice to apply and refine my playing style that's been taking shape over the past year.

More updates to come as I settle into my new hometown, look for performing opportunities, and continue preparing for music school somewhere.

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Sleep, Dreams, Creativity

published 16 Jul 2008 at 11:20pm in Daily Thoughts

Lucid dreaming has been a goal of mine since I found a website on it five years ago. I've made half-hearted attempts at exercises to induce lucid dreams with, surprisingly, no results.

The strongest advice on every website I've found is to keep a dream journal. I never tried it until earlier this year, then stopped when the shit hit the fan. My routine was pretty simple. Every morning, I'd write down everything I could remember from my dreams. It has to be the first thing I do, before my memory fades: shut off alarm, pick up pen and paper. I'd reread the most recent entry before sleeping each night. While I was keeping the journal, my dreams became more bizarre, and I could remember more details each morning. I only had fleeting moments of lucidity, but more often than ever before.

I've been wondering how I could put this to good musical use. Accessing my subconscious creativity will have nothing but good effects on my music, but I feel there's a more direct route.

Most nights before I fall asleep, there's some kind of music going through my head, usually something I've been listening to or practicing. But as I drift closer to complete sleep, the music often strays from the song I know, taking its own path through new harmonies, melodies, instrumentation, genres. It's all coming from my head, but it doesn't feel like I'm making it up. It's as if I'm passively listening to an unfamiliar piece of music. Tricky chords surprise me, increased tempos excite me, calm sections soothe me. I experience every emotion as if I'm a listener. I can still make conscious changes in the music whenever I want, and it's effortless. I can take complete control of an entire symphony without hiring any musicians and instantly transition to New Orleans jazz without missing a beat.

Every time this happens, it literally sounds like the best music I've ever heard. Nothing mediocre ever surfaces, and I can hear each distinct instrument as clearly as if it were solo. The musical style can be anything, but usually starts with what I've been hearing lately. Unfortunately, I've never captured even a bit of it. If I get up to write something down or plunk it out on my guitar, it's forgotten. If I let it ride, then I remember none of it by morning.

This has occurred more frequently over the last two years, and it's what inspired me to finally start that dream journal. If I can cultivate my ability to remember dreams, maybe I can harness that glorious music from before my dreams. I'll settle for the tiniest piece, as I know this will take a long time to master. In the meantime, I think my best approach is to keep trying to recognize a chord progression and write it down on the spot.

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Defer

published 14 Jul 2008 at 12:09am in Goals

I've decided to defer enrollment at LAMA. Missing out on that scholarship put me through a frenzy of thinking over the last week.

If I go, I'll have some assurance that I'll reach a professional level in two years, and I'll have access to a network of classmates and instructors before I even start looking for gigs. On the other hand, I'll have to fund my entire education with student loans. Unemployment has taken its toll on my savings account. LAMA looked a tad more appealing before they extended the program from one to two years, increased tuition by 15%, and denied me a scholarship.

The alternative is to get a job. I think I'll enjoy earning money again, even if it's not in music yet. It'll be a necessity soon if I want to keep eating. This will leave me free to explore the local music scene, take any gigs that come my way, probably take some private lessons. I also dig the idea of making it on my own, rather than getting help from an overpriced institution. (I love reading about Frank Zappa getting all his training from the library.)

Biting the bullet, signing up for those huge student loans, and attending LAMA is definitely the safe option, at least in the short run. I won't have to find a job or worry so much about supporting myself. I'll be more or less taken care of until loan repayment starts. But I've learned to be skeptical of the safe option; it's not always best for me in the end. A year ago, I took the unsafe option of embarking on my current adventure, and I'll never regret it for a second.

So now the plan is to work for a while, maybe with computers again, maybe in a music shop, and search for some cheaper options to weigh against LAMA. The big downside is I'll have far less time to practice. I think I'll be okay with that as long as I'm still progressing.

Don't worry about the blog. I intend to keep it going indefinitely. I still have plenty to learn and plenty of discoveries to share.

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No Scholarship

published 3 Jul 2008 at 9:42am in Daily Thoughts

I opened a letter from LA Music Academy's scholarship committee yesterday. As this post's clever title suggests, I got nothin'. Junk.

I recorded a demo video and wrote an essay for the application. I uploaded the video here a month ago. I was hoping to post the essay in a more triumphant manner. Oh well. Much of it parallels what I've already said on this blog, but it might make good reading anyway.

1. Describe your musical studies to date and tell us how they have affected your development as a musician.

I started playing guitar in 1998 at age fifteen. I took lessons for one year, learning alternative rock and blues. I studied independently through high school before attending Harvey Mudd College, an intense science/engineering school. I enrolled in two college jazz bands, one under the instruction of cornetist Bobby Bradford. I started taking guitar seriously, making room for two hours of practice every day in a schedule that barely allowed for sleep. I didn't know what kind of player I wanted to be, but I was obsessed with practicing and learning, and I loved studying jazz.

In 2003, I started an indie rock band, Blue Judy, with a few college friends. We continued writing and performing around Los Angeles after college, recorded an EP with Heroes and Villains Productions in 2006, and were featured in a rockumentary TV show later that year. Although we never signed a record deal, we retained invaluable music and business lessons from independently managing our band. Countless hours in the rehearsal room also revealed the kind of mutual respect and honesty required for creative results in a group environment.

In July 2007, I left Blue Judy and quit my job to pursue a different route to a career in music. I had saved enough money to focus on nothing but practicing for a year, so I took the plunge. I started a blog in which I've been writing about my goals, ideas, and breakthroughs. All this time to practice and learn has greatly improved my chops and allowed me to rethink and refine my motivations and goals.

2. What are your musical goals for the next year? Over your lifetime?

My primary short-term ambition is to earn a living with music. Whether that takes one year or twenty, my life will revolve around that goal until I achieve it. I first want to gain the skills to work as a studio guitarist, not to pin myself down to that line of work, but to access the opportunities afforded by such skills. More specifically, I want to increase my facility at improvising over complex progressions, fill the gaps in my knowledge of contemporary styles, and elevate my sight reading abilities to a professional level. In addition, I'd love to complete a formal study of composing and arranging, learn as many jazz standards as possible, and transcribe all the Charlie Parker solos I can find, applying them to guitar in my own style. I've only recently discovered an inkling of my own playing style, and while this is a life-long endeavor, I believe I can establish the bulk of it within another year.

Over my lifetime, I want to study and create in every area of music I can. I prefer to avoid a master plan for my career, but my aim is for creative, musical employment on a variety of projects. I'd like to learn all kinds of instruments, starting with fretted, reeds, and horns. My other long-term interests include film scoring, sound design, and modifying and building guitars, amps, and pedals.

Tapping into my creativity, breaking the barriers between my head and hands, is my most significant source of motivation. For example, someday I intend to study music's relationship with sleep and dreaming, and why I can create the most complex, beautiful, original music in my head as I'm drifting off but remember none of it in the morning.

3. What musician or artist has been the most influential in your musical development?

It's difficult to single out a favorite artist as most influential, but I am currently most excited about Nels Cline. I remember the moment that sparked my interest, only two years ago. I was listening to Henry Rollins's radio show one evening when he chose to play "Jupiter" from John Coltrane's Interstellar Space. This was my first encounter with late-period Coltrane, and the first time free jazz made any sense to me. Upon the song's completion, I collected my jaw from the floor and, in the process of researching Coltrane's life and this album, found a recording of Nels Cline and Gregg Bendian performing the album live in 1999. That recording blew my mind like nothing I've ever experienced, and it opened my ears to the modern jazz scene. I have since listened to the entire catalog of the Cryptogramophone record label, which has released much of Cline's music. I'm convinced that this is the creative direction I want to take. I don't know what to call it, other than contemporary jazz. And awesome.

There's an ominous, frightening essence to the music Cline and his labelmates create, and I'm drawn to it like a zombie. He blends jazz with the raw intensity of rock in a way I've never heard, but I feel like it's been the object of my subconscious desires for years. In an interview, he expressed a need to capture that frightening element, as if the music were capable of destroying him. Listening to his efforts in pursuit of that end made me realize that I'm not just a fan of music, but of sound in general. My obsession is simply noise, whether one calls it music or not.

The best lesson I can take from a creative trailblazer like Cline is to avoid copying and forge my own path. I take great inspiration from his imperative to depart from the traditionally subdued jazz guitar sound. I often wonder why the most intense jazz musicians, historically, are rarely guitarists. Stevie Ray Vaughan is another of my biggest influences, and his intensity is second to none. What astounding results might have ensued had he lived long enough to study the likes of Coltrane? Nels Cline's influence brought me to that question, and it will drive me to produce my own answer.

4. Describe your musical weaknesses in detail.

I feel most lacking in sight reading and ear training skills. I attribute this to a reluctance to recognize their value until recently. I now work on them every day, and improvement is steady, but slow. Despite my experience studying and performing jazz, I lack confidence in seamlessly improvising in different positions. I just adopted the habit of combining adjacent positions in everything I practice, so I'm on my way. I'm moderately inept at anything involving an acoustic guitar: fingerstyle, country, folk, classical, flamenco. My technical background gives me an affinity to rules and rigid structure, which I use to my advantage whenever I can, but I often find it difficult to forget the rules and just create. I regret frustrating former bandmates with this approach, but I think I'm loosening up over time.

I like to remind myself that there will always exist styles I haven't studied, including those as of yet undeveloped, and I can always count them among my weaknesses. It's good to know that musical possibilities are infinite, and no one can ever exhaust their potential.

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